Our pelvic / hip girdle with legs / lower extremity is the foundation of the body
The lower portion of the body is a foundation of our body structure that transfers weight and its gravity to the earth towards feet.
Let’s try to understand what pelvic girdle is?
The pelvic bowl is formed from the combination of the two pelvic bones /hip bones and the sacrum/the lowest segment of the spine. The pelvic bones have two roles; one is to link the vertebral axis with the thighs and legs – feet. The other is the base of the torso with a vertebral column and provides a skeletal framework for the pelvic cavity and the organs of elimination and reproduction.
The primary role of the pelvic girdle is to support the weight of the upper body when sitting and further to transfer this weight to the lower limbs when standing. So we have to learn how to lift our body with less pressure on our legs and weight bearing joints. Equal distribution of weight is a key factor to learn while physically working within our body.
One of the vital roles of pelvic girdle with the movement of Musculature is creating pressure differences within body Cavities with muscular movements of pelvic floor / diaphragm, which is formed by voluntary muscle group . This whole pelvis complex and its movement of Musculature, which is attached to the vertebral/ spinal column at sacrum. That is, our central axis , the most essential to improve ,enhance ourselves further instead of leading us towards ill-health and diseases.
Specialities of pelvis – In the fetus, each hip bone is made up of three segments, the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis and are separated. At the age of 18/20 in adults, they are fused together into one piece with one hip bone on each side.
To understand the three dimensional architecture of the pelvic bowl, you can palpate its most prominent landmarks.
In front of the hips , on each side at our waistline,feel the crests of the ilium.
Then locate the ischial tuberosities /sitting bones behind and below the hip , on which we should sit. These are the protuberances upon which our weight rests when we sit .
To locate the two pubis bones in front just above the genitals. One can feel this with touch.They join one another at the pubis symphysis; it’s a fibro- cartilaginous joint which keeps the two sides of the pelvis locked together in front.
Role of pelvic girdle in locomotion of body.
Our lower portion of our body/ lower extremity is a foundation of our body structure that transfers its weight, gravity to the earth, and towards feet.
The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into a complicated architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs while also facilitating bipedal movement.
Locomotion / movement of the human body starts from the lower extremity. Our feet are always on the ground, when we sit on a chair or stand or walk as we are grounded on moving earth. The knee is a bridge between the ankle and a hip joint.“Januni setu krut patu janghae thesha mukhatakaha”, is written in Ramraksha.
So circular movement of our limbs is converted into linear motion of our body is the key principle in our vertical body.
This circular movement takes place at the hip joint.
The hip joint is considered a freely moveable joint, movement of the pelvis around the head of the thigh bone, and movement of the thigh bone in the hip socket. The medial rotation of the thigh with anteversion of the pelvis and lateral rotation of the thigh with retroversion of the pelvis and its equilibrium is very important. While walking, both components must move simultaneously.
We have lost this natural movement and forgotten also . Thus anchoring the pelvis is moving the legs from the hip joint which is leading us towards a distorted hip joint with stiffness in the sacroiliac joint, knee joint and lumbar spine which is the cause of Sacroiliac or lower back pain, hip and knee pains. Today AVN of hip joints is common at early age.
The sacroiliac joint between the sacrum and the ilia/ hip bone is slightly moveable, but its contribution to the innumerable movement, possibilities associated with the pelvis is very important.
Which we have lost and forgotten because now our walking is putting legs from our body that are anchoring the torso/ trunk where muscles become more and more dense and stiff where we lose muscular movement of both girdles.
Hence, any physical activities from joints have become injuries to our health itself, even though joint reflexes remain.
Legs are for locomotion, with alternate and synchronized movement of legs where from foot our body moves forward with anteversion of pelvic girdle and retroversion of shoulder girdle with extension and rotational movement of the Vertebral column with head where hand moves opposite of legs.
But how do we walk? Due to harshly using our automated body. That is, holding our torso and doing movement of legs and hands alternately.
If you observe carefully, putting legs at hip joint alternate front and back with alternate movement of hands from shoulder joints from torso / trunk.
This brings more and more stiffness and hardness in our muscular system to make us physically stable and movable. Instead of improving or enhancing the physical and physiological state of organs, we are increasing the workload of the Cardiorespiratory system to circulate blood towards legs and hands more, compensating blood flow to other organs systems.
Why doesn’t walking help to make us healthy?
Because we are not at all aware of our own naturalization and not improving the skill of our organ systems that is why skillful movement ” Karmasu kaushalam” of each organ is essential.
We assume it is natural, so we ignore it, and we do not know and do not want to know what natural is and hence far away from its improvement and enhancement.
Even if we can’t walk properly, we walk in the name of exercise instead of learning what should happen in our walk and enhance it. We have to learn this bit by bit in each pose.
Body always changes the axis, to make us physically stable and get adapted wrongly, which leads to distortion of spaces within. So we ignore it by fooling the body mechanism and cheating the body and keep overloading organ systems.
This is the reason, while doing daily activities, it is difficult to understand how our body is compensated for its defense, though it gives hints and causes pain or systems function fail.
We again don’t know why our organ systems function failed?
The system that controls this is intellect, and then maybe it is hereditary or mostly acquired. Like the intelligence of how to walk was there in our ancient brain. Slowly, we started unwinding at the developmental stages of infants, and it started opening step by step, and we started walking. Nobody taught us how to walk. We got it from past memories in our ancient brain. If we skip any of the unwinding steps that distortion gets imbibed within our body. Then it goes into automation and gets stuck into reflex action. We never try to learn this technique consciously and intellectually, which we have to learn bit by bit in some basic poses, and in today’s lifestyle, we need them to modify.
We need to learn this natural physical order. It’s our species’ genetic coding, which we are losing very fast in today’s lifestyle in day to day activities, and the same mistake is getting followed in physical fitness training also.
In humans, the gross, circular motion of the limbs are converted into linear motion of our body, i.e., Torso/ trunk.
So first, we have to understand how this circular motion takes place? How do these movements take place?
To make the knee healthy or remove knee pain, the important thing is, Our Arches of the feet bring freedom in ankle and hip joints. Hip and ankle joints are most important to control knee pain. Knee is the bridge between these two joints.
We push the ground from our feet and walk. Theory of relativity. So, this particular motion is called a circular motion. In which our foot is on the ground all the time. Above the knee thigh rotates from the hip joint. This is the first movement of the lower extremities with alternate flexion and extension of knee joint from ankle and hip joint.
Physiognomy of the knee:
Importance of ankle joint in the locomotion, towards control of the functional role of knee joint . Indirect importance of Ankle joint, in the functional role of hip joint, during linear movement of the body with the help of the circular movement of the lower extremity, at knee joint, for linear movement of the body.
Where? At the hip joint . How?
Anti and retroversion of pelvis. Equilibrium of this should happen in Padmasana, Siddhasana, and Swastikasana. These are very high levels of superhuman poses for meditation.
“Asana ” is difficult, but try to understand basic muscular movements in it for equilibrium of forces and spaces within.So one day it will happen. There is importance to each Asana where the flow of conscious sequential order and specific direction in movement of muscular flow remains the same.
So what we have to learn is a pelvic complex, which is two components of the hip joint , the pelvic girdle and thigh
Single pelvic bone consists of –
ileum is hip i.e flat bone,
ischium i.e. sitting bone and
The ring in front is pubis.
These three bones together form a hip socket, i.e., an acetabular cavity.
Normal hip development is the result of a carefully orchestrated series of prenatal events, which act in concert to form the acetabulum, the femoral head, intra-articular structures of the hip, and the blood supply to the hip joint. After birth, the hip joint remains immature, and the intimate relationship between the femoral/ thigh bone head and the acetabulum/ hip socket is crucial for appropriate postnatal development.
The hip joints are the largest weight-bearing joints in our bodies. Anatomically, the hip joint is formed by the ball on the upper end of the thigh bone (femur) rolling in the socket of the pelvis known as the acetabulum.
Now, perhaps it is because the hip joint is so large and complex. because of the need for incredible stability and mobility where both components move simultaneously. Then again, it might be the combination of the two that cause the availability of movement to take more than a year to unfurl and many years beyond that for the shape itself to fully take form. Our personal hip history is a complex process that involves genetic unfolding, an intimate interaction with gravity and our environment, and our unique movement experience.
Our early experiences help to lay the structural foundation for the rest of our lives—the way that we literally take form is directly impacted by our movements!
As we mature, the movements of the hip joint can be elusive and yet feel very intimate—as if the movement is coming from a place deep inside of us.
Just think back on everything you experienced before you were 12-14 years old (the average age of Triradiate cartilage closure).The triradiate cartilage is the Y- shaped epiphyseal plate that occurs at the junction where the ischium, ilium, and pubis meet in the skeletally immature skeleton The vertical component of the “Y” is the meeting of the ischium and pubic bone. The anterior arm is the junction of the ilium and pubis.
The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs while also facilitating bipedal movement.
Complete fusion of these three bones normally occurs by mid-puberty (11–15 years in females 14–17 years in males).Once these three bones get fused after puberty, you will notice that discomfort and injuries start happening as it’s all about the movement of voluntary musculature and its health. Cause of sports injuries because of stiffness and lost flow of movement of muscles with synchronised movement of joints in one direction.
So imagine how we need to work on our body systematically and not just use it wrongly in the name of physical fitness.
That means our walking, standing, and running , we do with fracture pelvis as they are separated with three pieces.
Now, with a fractured pelvis, how can we walk?
Because, at a later age, we can’t do movements with our fractured bones .
This is a real question.
When we see in x-ray of infants, the space between these three bones is tied with invisible force, and that force is in the knee with musculature.
So, this pelvic bone is like a fracture. Below is thigh/ femur is solid except small little chink at the end of the bone called epiphysis and diephysis. Diaphysis is the original bone and epiphysis is the growing bone.
This same is true with legs, i.e., tibia and fibula. As they grow, the length of bone increases, hence the height of our body.
Bone started growing from both sides and between patellas.
Let’s understand the muscular architecture with which we sit , stand, and walk –
from one side, thighs are attached to pelvis and other side to legs, i.e., tibia and fibula.
The front side of the muscular thigh is the quadriceps group , back side hamstring group.
From the inner side, adductors and
The outer side is abductors.
These muscles are attached to the pelvis, crossing the hip joint and attached to thighs or legs.
These are the muscles with which we sit, stand, walk, and move around.
All these muscles hold these three pelvic bones together, which are attached to the vertebral column through the sacrum/ end of our vertebral column. Musculature of torso is one side attached to pelvis and other side to rib cage from front and from back side to vertebral column/ spinal column.
Now, from torso/ trunk, front side/anterior abdominal wall muscles, like rectus abdominis , internal , external oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles, are attached to pelvis and rib cage
and deeper side is Psoas major, minor is attached to the lower vertebral column crossing the pelvis and hip joint to upper thigh. The role of the Serratus group from the front and back of the rib cage has a very important role in the movement of the rib cage.
Posterior side / Backside ,Paraspinal Musculature group including Quadratus lumborum,they are almost 21 in numbers attached from head to tail and rib cage, Superficial muscles like Latissimus dorsi has vast expanse which are attached to major part of vertebral column, rib cage, shoulder girdle ,arm to pelvic girdle and Trapezius which covers shoulder girdle and head to upper portion of vertebral column and rib age. Role of these muscles which covers our central axis and torso which covers frontal body Cavities chest and abdominopelvic ,their smooth movement is essential for movement of our physical activities as well as movement of inner organs and vessels and nerves.
When we stand, that is, we anchor our feet with leg and foot muscles and with support of knee and thigh muscles we move the Pelvic girdle to lift the torso upward towards head with movement of shoulder girdle with support of upper extremity we stand. It’s balancing the anti gravitational force from the shoulder girdle with gravitational force from the pelvic girdle.
So with the help of musculature surrounding the knee, we hold and move the pelvic girdle and lift our torso vertically upward from front and back musculature towards heel. With the musculature of the pelvic girdle we hold and move the upper body; it’s like an upside down pendulum.
Like this, we have brought an anti gravitational force in our body for this role of upper/ shoulder girdle with extremities/ hands is more important.
Therefore this is an invisible force of muscular architecture that is connected from head to toes i.e. the reason is that it is not like fracture bone and becomes one uniform bone in our skeleton system.
We have to study pelvic girdle, which it consists of pelvic/ hip bones on both sides and thigh bone on both sides. Let’s call this whole unit a pelvic complex.
What is the exact role of this pelvic complex in the locomotion of our body?
First, we will see what types of movement are here at the pelvic complex – pelvic with lower extremity/ thighs and legs ?
Circular movement of lower extremities with alternate extension and flexion of knee joint.
In our body, we consider the hip joint as a centre, leg moving front and back side, and vertebral column with torso moving like upside down pendulum.
In the swing machine, the movement of the leg is the same, but the wheel rotates circularly. There is a string on that wheel that rotates the wheel.
Imagine same string from center of pelvis and shoulder i.e.like chain
String is from front flexors and back extensors , it is rotating from front to back.
Like dogs or horses, they push their legs with their hoop.
We push the ground and walk. Theory of relativity. So, this particular motion is called a circular motion. In which leg is on the ground all the time. Above the knee like a shaft, it rotates. This is the first movement of the lower extremities with alternate flexion and extension of the knee joint.
If the definition of asana is stharaym, i.e., stability, arogyam, i.e., health and angalaghava, i.e., physiological functioning of organ systems is their other feature.
Then, for sthaya, you must know and understand the knee joint.
When we walk forward, the whole body moves like a pillar. The circular motion of the wheels is converted into linear motion of the vehicle. Body is like a vehicle, i.e., circular motion of limbs is converted into linear movement of the trunk.
There is semicircular movement of our spine with alternate flexion and extension of the shoulder joint. Hand going backwards is an extension.
Hand going forward is flexion.
Hand turning inward is medial rotation, and turning outward is lateral rotation.
These movements are there in this ball and socket joint of the shoulder.
Then forth movement is medial and lateral rotation of lower spine i.e. lumbar spine with abduction and adduction of hip joints.
Means, when we put our left leg forward, the left side of the lumbar spine is turned inward, and the right side of the lumbar spine is turned outward. So, there is a medial rotation of the Left Lumbar region and lateral rotation of the Right Lumbar region.
So, with all these movements together, we walk. Locomotion is here.
What are the components with which walking happens?
For any motion it has to anchor somewhere. Here the anchor point is the hip and ankle joint.
For Flexion and extension of knee joint you have to take support of hip and ankle joint. A knee joint is operated from these two joint components like a London bridge.
This is a wheel. Two legs together make this wheel.
Upper side thigh bone and lower side leg bone. Upper side of the thigh has a hip joint and the lower side of the leg has an ankle joint. With the help of this knee joint as a pivot you draw a circle i.e. the movement of leg, circular movement of leg. This movement takes place in the knee joint.
Knee joint is the bridge between these two. “Januni setu krutpatu janghae theshamukhatakaha”.written in Ramraksha.
So for walking we have to use these two anchors. Foot should leave the ground and the hip should rotate, then only we can lift the leg and bring it down. Knee joints are convenient and bring ease in this movement. Without a knee this will not happen.
We can stand with extended lower limbs (extended knee).
If it is flexed we can not stand. Otherwise this will bring unnecessary pressure on the knee and hip joint.
So at the hip joint is pivot, for movement of medial, lateral rotation of femur/ thigh with anti and retroversion of pelvis, between head of femur and acetabular cavity of pelvic. Hip joint is the ball and socket joint so it is pivoted. Below down is rocker, it can act at 180 degrees. Pivoted joint has strength to move inner material,i.e. semicircular motion of the upper Torso from 12 the rib up to the neck.
This is one which is controlled by the cervical plexus and this is semicircular movement i.e. clockwise and anticlockwise ,in between 90 degree angles. These are Chatur Gatis i.e. four forces which are related to Adhar Chakra i.e. base
Role of lower extremity in walking.
Legs are for locomotion but how do we walk?
We are not at all aware of this.It is natural so we ignore Even if we can’t walk properly, we walk.
Body always changes the axis, of course that is nature but leads to distortion. So we ignore it.
While doing daily activities it is difficult and it causes pain or system function failure.
We again don’t know why this failed?
The system which controls this is intellect then maybe it is hereditary or acquired. Like the intelligence of how to walk was there in our brain. Slowly we started growing and
It started opening step by step and we started walking . Nobody taught us how to walk. We got it from past memories in our ancient brain. Then it goes into automation. We never try to learn this technique intellectually and hence this all stuck into reflex action.
In humans, the gross, circular motion of the limbs are converted into linear motion of our body I.e. Torso.
So first we have to understand how this circular motion takes place? How do these movements take place?
One of the Shloka from Ramraksha it’s written knee, is the bridge between toes and groin.
So first we have to understand, how this circular motion takes place? How do these movements take place?
If we observe joints situated in the legs one side is the hip joint and the other side is the Ankle joint.
In walking, we must remember one thing that the foot doesn’t walk; it’s like Tires of the vehicle. We have to lift them from the groin, if we can’t lift this from the groin we can’t walk.
If we want to lift the foot from the groin then first we have to lift the thigh and to lift the thigh we must know what type of movement is there in the hip joint. For that we have to lift the heel first and we have to bring it back to the front. We must be aware of this.
To anchor the front leg and lift the back leg and bring front.
So we stand on one leg and for that what should happen in the hip joint so we can lock it.
We must understand this. For this, Bring leg front from the hip joint and to make this happen the knee should get flex and extended. But we can’t walk with an active flexion of the knee. While bringing the leg front there is slight flexion of knee and immediately it goes towards hip flexion and leg starts coming front and brings it down, it goes to ankle. But to control the movement of these joints it fully depends upon the position of the knee.
Back leg, from slight knee flex, lift heel first. Then lift toes from leg. Then lift the thigh from the hip joint. So automatically the knee comes forward. At this position no need to flex the knee, it happens so that is passive flexion of knee but active flexion of hip joint. While bringing it down, always heel first then toes here extension of knee.
If we observe this, one side ankle joint and one side hip joint. Due to the opposite direction of these two joints, flexion and extension of the knee joint happens. This is simple physics.
To understand flexion and extension at knee joint, we will see Axes in this joint.
Knee joint acts like a hinge. Bone components in the knee joint are operated from the hip and ankle joint. There is no intelligence/Buddhi here.
See in these joints horizontal axis is common and which are parallel to each other. Where flexion and extension happens.
There is a second axis in the hip joint which is Antero posterior. where adduction and abduction movement takes place. This helps to bring the leg inward and outward while walking. Same axis is in the ankle joint where adduction and abduction of foot happens. Again the same axis is there in foot where eversion and inversion of foot takes place. Very important movement for landing and taking off our leg.
Then the third axis in the hip joint is Vertical. In this movement is medial and lateral rotation of the thigh. If we observe in the Ankle joint the third axis is the compromise axis of vertical and horizontal axis. Which Goes from Calcaneus and Talus from lateral to medial. Which is called, axis of Hankey. Where eversion and inversion of foot take place. This is Subtaler movement.
To make the knee healthy or remove knee pain.
Important thing is, With Arches of the feet bring freedom in Ankle and hip joints.
Hip and Ankle joints are most important to control knee pain. Knee is the bridge between these two.
Observe the nature and direction of axes of flexion.
Hip flexion is always anteriorly, knee flexion posteriorly and Ankle flexion ant/post both ways. So rotation we do from the hip joint and anterior and posterior balance from the Ankle joint. Like this knee has an effect from both sides. Here the whole thing is like a circle keeping the knee at center, two legs are like wheels of Vehicle . So Principle of Physics, Circular
The motion of the wheel converted into linear motion is here, the principle of pulleys and strings/ muscles moving in one direction.
“Asana” is difficult, but try to understand basic movements in it. So one day it will happen. There is importance to each Asana.
Savasana is a basic posture but very difficult and very important because here how to do extension, extended position which is vertical while standing now becomes horizontal. Going beyond an advance we use for disease and that becomes Viprit dnandasan.Here dorsi flexion of ankle I.e. extension, extension of knee n hip joint.
In Supta Virasana with leg fold, ankle knee flex, and hip extension. Adhomukhavir Ankle and knee and hip all three joint flexions.
Paschimotanasan hip flex, knee, and ankle extension. Savasana and Viparita dandasana extension of all the joints.only angle differs.
In Pashwakonasan, one side knee is flexed, but it’s actually passive flexion and one side knee extension.
In Trikonasana, there is flexion of the hip with anteversion of the pelvis, rotating pelvis backwards, and extension of both knees and ankles.
So, standing poses are very important. But must learn, intellectually and scientifically and not as performing art.
Active flexion and active extension of the knee are not useful for walking .But very important as that is the base.
Our postures differ from classical postures why?
Because to get knowledge from these postures, there are divisions, so studying gets easy. We never use these postures to cure knees. Passive flexion of lifting the knee from the ground is a holding mechanism and recoil. To happen this, we have to understand some factors
1) Attachment of muscles. Leg muscles are attached to the thigh and from thigh to leg .They cross over each other at the knee joint, i.e., bridge. If our knowledge is perfect and if we understand the axes, then we can control muscles attached to legs.
If we understand Ankle, double knot foot stretches, then will understand leg and thigh relation.
2) In the holding mechanism, the extensor tendon with patella is important. While standing straight, we never buckle. These extensors hold this. Extensor of hip at the same time extensor of knee at the same time of ankle joint. All three must get balance, and then we stand straight.
3) Ligaments of the knee. Lateral, medial these two holders and more important are cruciate ligaments, they cross without blocking the cavity of the joint. If we don’t abuse them, they never come between the movement of flexion and extension. They hold these two bones. If we observe the position of medial and lateral condyle of femur, they are tilted outward so these ligaments don’t allow displacement of bones. Some people’s knees get twisted while walking.
See in this picture how they move. relationship of the knee with two interfacetal joints in the spine.
What happens? When the left leg goes forward, the right leg remains back, and the circle is completed when we change the leg.
Effect of all this happens in the spinal cord where anterior and posterior horn cells are situated. At a higher level, that leads us to stress inside the spinal cord, which is called Chitra Nadi, so the effect should reach that level. Exactly opposite happens.
4) The surface of the leg bone is very shallow, so it’s covered with semicircular cartilage so it gets in depth for rolling mechanisms and frictionless ness.
Movement always happens in the joint only to change the direction; contraction and retraction of muscles move the bones in the joint. Individual joints and individual muscles have limitations to work.
The use of the knee joint is for movement, not for rest at all. So whatever movements take place in the knee joint, only flexion and extension will happen but in different variations.
Muscles that do flexion have very strong dominance as they are active before birth. So their strength of flexion is very strong compared to muscles which do extension. While walking, full flexion of the knee doesn’t take place. It is in angulations and passiveness. But the extension of the knee is active.
3) Then we will understand sitting posture. It becomes peaceful. So we are maintaining the column exactly perpendicular to the ground. This should happen in sitting postures. Actually, we must work on this systematically and consciously.
So in walking, Now this movement is a recoil mechanism .When we bring the leg from back to front .This front leg, when it is extended, becomes recoil. So alternately, the knee gets recoiled. Wherever there is repeated performance, their actions should not turn into a reaction. It should stop at a neutral level and then again should go forward, not backwards. This is recoiling. Recoil is zeroing without allowing to go opposite direction, again bring it forward e.g. is Rifle. Sport people must learn this joint and muscle sense so they can avoid injuries and increase their performance.
To learn the recoil mechanism, we must learn how to hold the knee? So it will not buckle or rotate, in passive flexion how to hold and recoil again. When we bring the leg back to the front, it is extended first, and when we put the leg forward again, it is extended. So in between, there is holding and recoiling. This is science. We must learn.
In our walking flexion of knee is passive –
Passive flexion, In walking, there is not at all active flexion because in active flexion, hip and heel should touch each other or come nearer. If we try this, we can’t walk. Now, when we lift the leg and bring it down, the extension is active. Flexion is not active. As active flexion is hip to heel. Here, the hip is away from the heel, and the knee is at 90 angles. So that is neither extension nor flexion, so we call it passive flexion.
Why passive flexion? How does it happen? Who does this? Passive means not doing anything. When the leg is at the back, we bring the front and lift, that time the leg is lifted with the help of adductors and abductors’. Inner and outer muscles of the thigh. At this level, the flexion of the knee is not done,it happens, then what is it?
Because of cruciate and medial , lateral ligaments or from holding with extensor muscle from front n flexors from back. This holding is just how much is required in angulations of movement in the joint. So they are in a neutral position where extensors and flexors are not effective, but adductors and abductors are effective.
See lateral muscles on thigh, iliotibial tract, how they are holding. Lateral knee. Muscles attach medially, sartorius, Gracilis and semi- trendinoss, they are holding knees. Anterior surface of knee see the patella, all extensors cross patella n attached to tibial tuberosity of leg .we must be aware of this. The position of the patella must always remain at the centre. Then only we can walk. Otherwise, the patient can’t walk. Observing paralytics, flexion, extension of hip, and knee is not possible, so they take their leg outward and walk.
So, at this level, we can say they are half active. Posterior side Gastrocnemius,plantaris n poplities. Positioning of all this, we must be aware consciously, i.e., proprioception. People who do classical Pashwakoasan, they do lateral rotation of upper thigh n push knee forward, this will definitely damage the knee. As an adductor magnus will push the medial condyle of the knee forward so the medial compartment will start damaging. So what we should push is the lateral compartment and actually try to rotate the hip. Anchor leg from foot n turn medially. From the foot with the Peroneal group of muscles, hold the head of the fibula so Anchor is at the knee. Then, Tensor with Gluteus will get active for rotation of the pelvis. From rotation of pelvis, pivot the lateral condyle of Tibia, i.e., upper leg n adductor Magnus lifting medial condyle of femur n turning it outward. Rotation of the pelvis around the head of the femur is most important. As we train the hip joint with activating muscles attached around the torso to pelvis and pelvis to lower extremity, in different postures. In Pasha Konasana, one side is flexion of the hip, and the other side is an extension of the hip with rotation of the pelvis around the head of the femur. The flow of muscles remains the same, neutral state but dilution of density of variation of muscle mass differs.
“YOU CAN’T DO WHAT YOU WANT UNTIL YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING.”
